Artificial intelligence and privacy on the Internet: threats to users' personal data
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence; privacy; personal data.Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine how artificial intelligence systems that manage personal data represent a threat to the privacy of Internet users. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was used with the technique of documentary analysis with: five scientific articles, three reports and three YouTube videos on threats to the privacy of personal data of internet users managed with artificial intelligence. The instrument was the paraphrase card. According to the results: (a) there are threats to the privacy of Internet users' information with the use of artificial intelligence systems, (b) Internet users do not know whether their data managed with artificial intelligence are protected, (c) when organizations collect users' personal information, they have to adopt privacy and security mechanisms, and (d) with artificial intelligence, organizations can put in place protection mechanisms for users' information. It was concluded that the use of artificial intelligence to handle personal data threatens users' privacy. Therefore, organizations should adopt measures such as privacy by design and artificial intelligence itself to create privacy and security strategies.
References
Ajoke Farayola, O., Latifat Olorunfemi, O., & Olaseni Shoetan, P. (2024). Data privacy and security in it: a review of techniques and challenges. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(3), 606-615. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i3.909
Albornoz, M.M. (2021). El titular de datos personales, parte débil en tiempos de auge de la Inteligencia Artificial. ¿Cómo fortalecer su posición? Revista IUS, 15(48), 209-242. https://doi.org/10.35487/rius.v15i48.2021.715
Aliyev, A. I., Rzayeva, G. A., & Ibrahimova, A. N. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Personal Data: International and National Framework. Peace Human Rights Governance, 5(1), 97-123. https://doi.org/10.14658/pupj-phrg-2021-1-4
Bartneck, C., Lütge, C., Wagner, A., Welsh, S. (2021). Privacy Issues of AI. In C. Bartneck., C. Lütge., A. Wagner., &., S. Welsh (Eds.), An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI (pp. 61-70). Springer Briefs in Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51110-4_8
Blázquez Ruiz, F. J. (2022). Riesgos para la privacidad en la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial al ámbito biosanitario. Implicaciones éticas y legales. Anales de la Cátedra Francisco Suárez, (56), 245-268. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/ACFS.v56i0.21677
Cal Purriños, N. (2021). Inteligencia artificial. El uso de los datos de los pacientes. Derecho y Salud, 31(Extraordinario), 86-91. https://n9.cl/1k7vq
Chałubińska-Jentkiewicz, K., & Nowikowska, M. (2022). Artificial Intelligence v. Personal Data. Polish Political Science Yearbook, 51(3), 183–191. https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202240
Council of Europe. (2019). Artificial intelligence and data protection, Council of Europe, https://n9.cl/oq7un
Curzon, J., Kosa, T. A., Akalu, R., & El-Khatib, K. (2021). Privacy and Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence, 2(2), 96-108. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAI.2021.3088084
Dalglish, L., Khalid, H., & McMahon, S. (2020). Document analysis in health policy research: the READ approach. Health Policy and Planning, 35, 1424–1431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa064
Deshmukh, P. (2024). Privacy and Business Efficiency: The Role of Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology and Science, 11(2), 288-294. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt
ElBaih, M. (2023). The role of privacy regulations in ai development (A discussion of the ways in which privacy regulations can shape the development of AI). The George Washington University, 1-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4589207
Encriptados. (27 de junio de 2023). El riesgo de la inteligencia artificial para la ciberseguridad y privacidad [Archivo de Vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vHTgb6DFTnc
ET Online. (25th of April, 2023). AI and Privacy: The privacy concerns surrounding AI, its potential impact on personal data. https://n9.cl/dhzd0
Fakhouri, H N., Alawadi, S., Awaysheh, F M., Hamad, F., & Alzubi, S. (2023). An Overview of using of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Security and Privacy in Mobile Social Networks. In M. Quwaider., F.M. Awaysheh., Y, Jararweh. (Eds.), 8th International Conference on Fog and Mobile Edge Computing, FMEC 2023 (pp. 42-51). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). https://doi.org/10.1109/FMEC59375.2023.10305886
FTI Technology. (2023). Privacy and AI Governance Report, FTI Technology, https://n9.cl/fnh4d
González Vaqué, L. (2021). ¿La Tecnología de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) puede perjudicar o favorecer a los consumidores? Revista CESCO de Derecho de Consumo, (38), 26–41. https://doi.org/10.18239/RCDC_2021.38.2751
Gumusel, E., Zhixuan Zhou, K., & Sanfilippo, M.R. (2024). User Privacy Harms and Risks in Conversational AI: A Proposed Framework. Arxiv, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2402.09716
Habbal, A., Khalif Ali, M.., & Ali Abuzaraida, M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Trust, Risk and Security Management (AI TRiSM): Frameworks, applications, challenges and future research directions. Expert Systems with Applications, 240, 122442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122442.
Hine, E., & Floridi, L. (2023). The Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights: In Search of Enaction, at Risk of Inaction. Minds and Machines. 33, 285–292. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4279449
Human Rights Council. (2021). The right to privacy in the digital age: Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and reports of the Office of the High Commissioner and the Secretary-General.
IT Televisión. (18 de mayo de 2023). Inteligencia Artificial: el nuevo reto en la protección de datos", Glenda Suárez, ISACA [Archivo de Vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-4cgNm8xKc
Jones, K., Zahrah, F., & Nurse, J. (2024). Embedding Privacy in Computational Social Science and Artificial Intelligence Research. Arxiv, 1-14. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.11515
Kayesa, N., & Shung-King, M. (2021). The role of document analysis in health policy analysis studies in low and middle-income countries: Lessons for HPA researchers from a qualitative systematic review. Health Policy OPEN, 2, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpopen.2020.100024
Kelber, U. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and AI Act, BFDI, https://n9.cl/yojrlb
King, J., & Meinhardt, C. (2024). Rethinking Privacy in the AI Era: Policy Provocations for a Data-Centric World, Stanford Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, https://n9.cl/mtxn1
KPMG. (2023). Privacyin the new world of AI KPMG International: How to build trust in AI through privacy, KPMG, https://n9.cl/uc9fxs
Kronemann, B., Kizgin, H., Rana, N., & K. Dwivedi, Y. (2023). How AI encourages consumers to share their secrets? The role of anthropomorphism, personalisation, and privacy concerns and avenues for future research, Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 27(1), 3-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-10-2022-0213
Latifat Olorunfemi, O., Oladipupo Amoo, O., Atadoga, A., Ajoke Fayayola, O., Oluwaseun Abrahams, T., & Olaseni Shoetan, P. (2024). Towards a conceptual framework for ethical ai development in it systems. Computer Science & IT Research Journal, 5(3), 616-627. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i3.910
Lee, H.P., Yang, Y.J., Serban von Davier, T., Forlizzi, J., & Das, S. Deepfakes, Phrenology, Surveillance, and More! A Taxonomy of AI Privacy Risks. Arxiv, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2310.07879
Li, T., Das, S., Lee, H.P., Wang, D., Yao, B., & Zhang, Z. (2024). Human-Centered Privacy Research in the Age of Large Language Models. Arxiv, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613905.3643983
Manheim, K., & Kaplan, L. (2019). Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy and Democracy. 21 Yale Journal of Law and Technology 106, 21, 106-188. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3273016
Mantelero A. (2018). AI and Big Data: A blueprint for a human rights, social and ethical impact assessment. Assessment. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4), 754-772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.017
Matthew Stinson, P. (2021). Document Analysis. In J.C. Barnes & D. R. Forde. (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice (pp. 392-394). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119111931.ch79
Mendoza Enríquez, O. (2021). El derecho de protección de datos personales en los sistemas de inteligencia artificial. IUS Revista del Instituto de Ciencias Jurídicas de Puebla, 15(48), 179-207. https://doi.org/10.35487/rius.v15i48.2021.743
Morales Cáceres, A. (2021). El impacto de la inteligencia artificial en el Derecho. Advocatus, (039), 39-71. https://doi.org/10.26439/advocatus2021.n39.5117
Morte Ferrer, R. (2022). Valoraciones éticas para una inteligencia artificial adecuada a la privacidad. ARBOR Ciencia, Pensamiento y Cultura, 197-802, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2021.802006
Murrugarra, B. (2022). El tratamiento jurídico del cloud computing en Iberoamérica y Perú: protección de datos personales. COLEX.
Murrugarra, B. (2024). Neuroderechos, neurotecnologías e inteligencia artificial: protección de la actividad cerebral humana. COLEX.
OECD. (21 de mayo de 2019). Recommendation of the Council on Artificial Intelligence. https://n9.cl/jcf9p
Paal, B. (2022). Artificial Intelligence as a Challenge for Data Protection Law. In S. Voeneky, P. Kellmeyer, O. Mueller, W. Burgard (Eds), The Cambridge Handbook of Responsible Artificial Intelligence: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Cambridge Law Handbooks (pp. 290-308). Cambridge University Press.
Ponce-Cedeño, A., Robles-Zambrano, G., Díaz-Basurto, I. (2023). Iustitia Socialis. Revista Arbitrada de Ciencias Jurídicas, 8(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.35381/racji.v8i1.2493
Posligua, R., & Zambrano, L. (2020). El empleo del YouTube como herramienta de aprendizaje. Rehuso, 5(1), 10-18. https://n9.cl/64fe
Rayhan, R., & Rayhan, S. (2023). AI and Human Rights: Balancing Innovation and Privacy in the Digital Age. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2,35394
Saura, J.R. Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Palacios-Marqués, D. (2022). Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101679
Sebastian, G. (2023). Privacy and Data Protection in ChatGPT and Other AI Chatbots: Strategies for Securing User Information. International Journal of Security and Privacy in Pervasive Computing (IJSPPC), 15(1), 1-14. http://doi.org/10.4018/IJSPPC.325475
Shahriar, S., Allana, S., Hazratifard, S. M., & Dara, R. (2023). A Survey of Privacy Risks and Mitigation Strategies in the Artificial Intelligence Life Cycle. IEEE Access, 11, 61829-61854. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3287195
Silva, L., & Oliveira, M. (2024). Privacy-Preserving AI: Unveiling the Power of Differential Privacy. MZ Journal of Artificial Intelligence, 1(1), 1−7. https://mzjournal.com/index.php/MZJAI/article/view/50
Telefónica. (21 de noviembre de 2023). Privacidad y sostenibilidad de la inteligencia artificial [Archivo de Vídeo]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GL6ydBh3FN8
Van Schie, D. (2023). The fundamentals of qualitative research Using insights from a loss and damage case study, IIED, https://n9.cl/gr75d
Villegas-Ch, W.; García-Ortiz, J. (2023). Toward a Comprehensive Framework for Ensuring Security and Privacy in Artificial Intelligence. Electronics, 12, 3786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ electronics12183786
Wang, C., Zhang, J., Lassi, N., & Zhang, X. (2022). Privacy Protection in Using Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare: Chinese Regulation in Comparative Perspective. Healthcare, 10, 1878. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/healthcare10101878
Willems, J., Schmid, M.J., Vanderelst, D., Vogel, D., & Ebinger, F. (2023) AI-driven public services and the privacy paradox: do citizens really care about their privacy?, Public Management Review, 25(11), 2116-2134. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2022.2063934
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal Ogma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.